Apple


 * = Apple: Going GREEN or RED????  =



History | Awards | Environment and Their Footprint | Electronic Recycling Facts | Glossary

History
Apple was one of the founders of the personal computer (PC) revolution in the 1970s. Apple's first known PC was the Apple II which was reinvented into the PC of the 1980s with the Macintosh. Apple is bringing the best of technology to its consumers with its ground-breaking products (Reference 1). Apple offers a varity of products such as the iPod-Touch, iPad, iPhone, and Macbook. Additionally, there are other Apple products and computer programs, but these four products are what will be focused on. __The Apple Products viewed are designed with or without each of the following items to reduce environmental impact: __ · Arsenic-free glass · Brominated flame retardant-free · Mercury-free · PVC-free · Highly recyclable stainless steel enclosure · Recyclable aluminum and glass enclosure 

**iPod-Touch (Reference 2) ** **//Total greenhouse gas emissions: 30 kg CO2e //** · Greenhouse Gas Emissions for i__Pod Touch__
 * 1) Production, 64%
 * 2) Customer use, 28%
 * 3) Transport, 7%
 * 4) Recycling, 1%

· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The Data below details the materials used in the i__Pod Touch__:
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Stainless steel, 48g
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Glass, 25g
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Battery, 15g
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Display, 12g
 * 5) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Circuit boards, 11g
 * 6) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Plastic, 3g
 * 7) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Miscellaneous, 1g

iPhone (Reference3) **//<span style="color: #595959; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Total greenhouse gas emissions: 55 kg CO2e //** · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Green House Emissions for iPhone
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Customer use, 49%
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Production, 45%
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Transport, 5%
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Recycling, 1%

· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The list below details the materials used in i__Phone 3GS:__
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Stainless steel, 33.5g
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Glass, 26g
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Battery, 24.5g
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Circuit boards, 19.5g
 * 5) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Plastic, 15.5g
 * 6) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Display, 12.5g
 * 7) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Other 3.5g

MacBook (Reference 4)

Awards
· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Meets ENERGY STAR® Version 5.0 requirements · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">MacBook achieved a Gold rating from EPEAT **//<span style="color: #7f7f7f; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Total greenhouse gas emissions: 350 kg CO2 //****//<span style="color: #4d4d4d; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">e //** · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Green House emission
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Production, 52%
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Customer use, 37%
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Transport, 10%
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Recycling, 1%

· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Materials Used
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Polycarbonate, 395g
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Aluminum and magnesium, 365g
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Battery, 355g
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Display, 300g
 * 5) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Hard drive andoptical drive, 220g
 * 6) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Circuit boards, 162g
 * 7) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Trackpad and keyboard, 130g
 * 8) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Other plastics, 125g
 * 9) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Other, 80g

**<span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">iPad (Reference 5) ** **//<span style="color: #595959; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Total greenhouse gas emissions: 130 kg CO2e //** · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Green House emission
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Production, 58%
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Customer use, 30%
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Transport, 11%
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Recycling, 1%

· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Materials Used
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Display, 155g
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Battery, 155g
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Aluminum, 125g
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Plastics, 55g
 * 5) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Circuit boards, 45g
 * 6) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Other, 40g
 * 7) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Glass, 155g

<span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Apples focuses on material efficiency, climate change, and energy efficiency. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Apple’s practices a system that minimizes their products and packaging. Their compact packing allows for more items to be shipped together which has decreased their amount and need for more shipping (Reference 7). · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Another concern Apple has is their affect on Greenhouse gas emissions. This is an important concern because most of their emissions come from production and consumer use (Reference 6). Furthermore, this is important because emissions have an impact on the planet’s balance of land, ocean, and air temperature. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Apple uses power efficient components and software that manage power consumption. They also follow the Energy Star requirments for power supplies (Reference 8).

Environment and their footprint
o <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">For the past two years, Apple has determined where their emissions come from. <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">That means Apple is gathering information on their emissions and adding up the emissions they generate. The main sources of emissions come from the manufacturing, transportation, consumer use, and recycling of products, as well as the emissions generated by facilities. <span style="margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> o <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> Like stated earlier, most of their waste comes from consumer use and production. This is why they have designed products that: use less material, ship with smaller packaging, are free of toxic substances, and are energy efficient and recyclable. With these stats being available it shows that Apple is trying to focus on reducing the impact of products on the environment. __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Manufacturing 46% + Transportation 5% + Consumer Use 45% + Recycling 1% + Faculties 3% =Total Footprint __<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(Reference 6)

<span style="color: #00b050; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Apple: the Good · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Progress o <span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">For more than 20 years, Apple has been working on ways to minimize their impact they have on the environment. In 1990 their first environmental policy was established. In 2009, they became the first company to report their total carbon footprint — including environmental reports for every product <span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(Reference 15). o <span style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">__Manufacturing__: MacBook Air saw a reduction of emissions by 9 percent. o <span style="background: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">__Facilities__: Apple employees’ use of clean-fuel alternatives. o <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Products can earn the Energy Star label by meeting the energy requirements set by Energy Star's: [|How to Become a Member of Energy Star] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">(Reference 16). § <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Apple's Macbook is a part of the Energy Star team. These products must show an increase in energy efficency. o <span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Product energy consumption and performance is done by testing from Energy Star. o <span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Labeling helps purcharsers to determine if a product meets Energy Star's requirments. o <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Apple's Macbook has received a gold star. § <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">To be registered under EPEAT, a product must conform to all the required criteria. EPEAT has other optional criteria that a manufacturer can pick from to boost their EPEAT total “score” (Reference 17). § <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The complete set of criteria includes 23 required criteria and 28 optional criteria in eight performance categories § <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">A "gold" Product meets all required criteria plus at least twenty-one optional criteria · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Apple’s [|recycling program], operates in 95 percent of countries (Reference 19).

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">** Apple: the Bad ** · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">The AlterNet website states that Dell has made strides to eliminate the most toxic chemicals from their products and offers recycling programs while Apple has not <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. ( <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">Reference 18) · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">To date, Apple has done only what is legally required (Reference 18). · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In the 2009 [|Guide to Greener Electronics] website, the group ranked [|Apple 10th] among major electronics manufacturers (Reference 20). · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Apple scored only a 28 out of 100 on the website guidelines: Apple's Score (Reference 21).

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">

**<span style="color: #663300; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Recycling Programs **<span style="color: #663300; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">- <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">When recycling an Apple product, the old item will be disassembled and certain items such as glass and metal are then reused as the casing for new products. With this materials reprocessing and the high instance of products being reused and refurbished, Apple often achieves a 90 % recovery rate by weight of the original products (Reference 9). · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mac's Programs · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Apple lets its customers to turn in their old Mac or a PC, working or nonworking; an Apple employee then determines if it qualifies for reuse. If it does, they will issue an Apple Gift Card. If the computer doesn’t qualify for reuse, they will recycle it (Reference 10). · i <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pod, iPad, and iPhone · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bring in an older version of these products and receive a 10 % discount on the purchase of a newer version (Reference 11).

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">** Where to Recycle Electronics? **  · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Contact a local DNR (Department of Natural Resources). The DNR then makes a list of all of the sites that are willing to take old electronics. These locations are also registered under E-Cycle Wisconsin. When contacting any of these recycling plants, make sure to ask the DNR about fees, what materials are accepted, and any restrictions that they may have. It also may be helpful to find out if there are any other special information before bringing in your electronics (Reference 12).

Electronic Recycling Facts
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">1. 2007, about 2.25 million tons of technological products, such as cell phones, tv's, and computers were ready for recycling, reuse or disposal. Of these electronics, only about 18% (by weight) were collected for recycling (Reference 13). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">2. Wisconsin households own approximately 3.8 million computers, and 3.5 million cell phones (Reference 14). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">

Glossary

 * 1) ** Carbon footprint ** --- is the total amount of greenhouse gases. These emissions are caused by an item of consumption. It is then measures the amount of carbon dioxide produced by a person.
 * 2) ** DNR ** ---Department of Natural Resources: sets guidelines and regulations for the resources of Wisconsin. They limit recycling, hunting and other issues that effects the environment.
 * 3) ** E-waste ** --- Waste materials caused from using or discarding electronic devices, such as computers, TV's, and cell phones.
 * 4) ** Energy Star ** --- is a program created by EPA to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.
 * 5) ** EPA ** --- Environmental Protection Agency: a federal agency established to coordinate programs to reduce pollution and protect the environment.
 * 6) ** EPEAT ** --- (Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool) a ranking system that helps consumers buy a product. Items are marked by a label.
 * 7) ** EPEAT " **** Gold ** " --- follows the same system as EPEAT but the GOLD members also adhere to 75% of optional criteria.
 * 8) ** Energy Efficienc ** y --- Is using less energy to supply the same level of energy generated by a less efficient item.
 * 9) ** Greenhouse Gas Emissions ** --- Gases from automobiles, industrial plants, land use which also includes consumer use and waste. These gases then have an impact on the ozone which then has contributed to global warming.
 * 10) ** Power Consumption ** - --The use of power or electricity.

**<span style="background: yellow; color: #4a4a4a; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">References **
 * 1) <span style="background: white; color: #2200c1; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ht <span style="background: white; color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">[|tp://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Apple-Computer-Inc-Company-History.html]
 * 2) <span style="background: white; color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">[]
 * 3) <span style="background: white; color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">[]
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 * 6) <span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">[]
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 * 12) <span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">[]
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 * 20) <span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">[]
 * 21) <span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">[|ttp://www.ceres.org/Document.Doc?id=394]

History | Awards | Environment and Their Footprint | Electronic Recycling Facts | Glossary

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